Tensions in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) have intensified following protests that began on September 29, resulting in at least nine fatalities, including three policemen, and several injuries. Led by the Joint Awami Action Committee (JAAC), a coalition of students, businesspeople, and professionals, the demonstrations are rooted in long-standing economic and political grievances. Protesters demand reforms ranging from reductions in electricity costs to the abolition of reserved legislative assembly seats for migrants from Jammu and Kashmir, as well as royalties from local hydropower projects. Despite attempts by the Pakistani federal government to negotiate, including talks with a central delegation led by federal minister Ahsan Iqbal, the situation remains highly volatile.
The protests have their origins in 2023, when locals mobilized against rising electricity bills, shortages of subsidized wheat, and the privileges afforded to government officials. The unrest escalated in May 2024 with attempts at a “long march” to Muzaffarabad, resulting in clashes that claimed multiple lives. Although concessions such as subsidies and the establishment of a judicial review commission were offered, dissatisfaction resurfaced when promises were perceived as unfulfilled. The JAAC has now presented an expanded list of 38 demands covering economic relief, political representation, and infrastructure development, signaling a shift from local grievances to broader structural reforms.
Authorities have responded with heightened security, deployment of paramilitary forces, closure of schools, and restrictions on communication services. While government sources claim that many demands are under consideration, some—like the removal of reserved assembly seats—require constitutional amendments and federal approval, making immediate resolution difficult. Meanwhile, the JAAC continues to press for swift and visible changes. With casualties rising and trust between protesters and authorities strained, the potential for further escalation remains high, and the region continues to be under close observation both domestically and internationally.
